Speed Table
These take the form of a raised plateau set across the road.  They achieve significant speed reduction and also make it easier and safer for pedestrians to cross the road on the top of the table where speeds are at their lowest.

Speed tables can cause a degree of noticeable traffic noise where there is a regular presence of certain types of goods vehicles and vehicles with trailers.  Whilst such situations are relatively few, special consideration needs to be given to their siting and also the chosen profile of a speed table can have an effect on such matters.

Cost (£)
Dependant upon site constraints and appropriate specification for a particular site, the cost of speed tables (usually including specific drainage facilities and adjusted surrounding footway levels) can vary dramatically from £3,000 to £30,000 where a table covers a whole junction.  A general guideline cost would be in the region of £8,000.  However, it should be noted that such traffic calming techniques are best adopted in the form of a series where speeds are contained over a length of road rather than at a single point.  

Tactile Paving
Used with dropped kerbs at points in the carriageway where it is considered safer for pedestrians to cross the road.  Tactile paving helps partially sighted pedestrians where the colour and texture of the surface improves the pedestrians awareness of the situation.

Cost (£)
Tactile paving with dropped kerbs would cost around £1,700 for 2 sections of dropped kerbs opposite one another.

Traffic Signing
Different types of signs are required to warn drivers of various traffic calming devices.  An example of this is a series of speed tables where road hump signs are normally placed on each approach to the scheme.

Cost (£)
Traffic signing associated with traffic calming measures can cost £2000 upwards.

Vehicle Activated Sign (VAS)
These are electronic signs which display a symbol and/or message when triggered by vehicles travelling at excessive speed.  They are normally intended to supplement rather than replace traditional signing and lining and are aimed at addressing specific road safety problems.  

VAS should be used strategically where they will have the maximum effect.  To introduce them on a widespread basis as simply ‘another traffic sign’ would cause drivers to become used to them and their effect would diminish.

Cost (£)
The cost of VAS is dependant upon its size and the local availability of electricity supply.  A general cost of a VAS would be £7,000.

Zebra Crossing
This is a formal pedestrian crossing point which is highlighted by flashing belisha beacons.  Zebra crossings can be used as an alternative to pelican crossings where pedestrian crossing movements are not as frequent and where traffic is generally travelling at a lower speed.  There still needs to a be a recognised pedestrian demand for zebra crossings, however, their safe use does rely on the judgement of both motorist and pedestrians.

Zebra crossings are introduced with zig zag road markings which prohibit parking near to the crossing point.  It can therefore be inappropriate to introduce a zebra crossing where on-street parking demands are already a particular issue.

Cost (£)
A Zebra Crossing with anti-skid carriageway surfacing and associated Street Lighting can easily cost £10,000.

20mph Speed Limits
Speed limits as low as this should normally be introduced with extensive traffic calming measures (eg speed tables) to ensure that speeds are in compliance with the limit.  They are usually used where there is a particularly high degree of pedestrian activity, such as in front of schools.

Cost (£)
With associated traffic calming a short section of 20mph speed limit (eg outside a school) could cost £30,000.