Countdown Signs
These are usually installed to forewarn drivers approaching a lower speed limit which otherwise may be encountered at particularly high speed.  They are normally used prior to a package of speed reducing measures introduced within the actual speed limit.

New guidance has been issued by the Department for Transport on countdown signs, and special authorization is now required before these signs can be installed. This is unlikely to be granted unless there is evidence of insurmountable problems with the visibility of the speed limit signs

Cost (£)
Approximately £1,000.

Dropped Kerbs
These lower height kerbs can be used to create vehicle access points at private drives or to provide easier movement for pedestrians, wheelchair and buggy users who are crossing the road to and from the footway.

Cost (£)
Approximately £1,300 for a set of 2 sections of dropped kerbs opposite one another.

Footway Build-outs
This is usually where the footway is built out into the carriageway to provide a better view point for pedestrians wanting to cross the road.  It is particularly beneficial near parked cars (see sheltered parking) but can also be used as part of a chicane system (see chicanes and priority narrowing).

Buildouts can be difficult to achieve where there are many private driveways restricting their positioning.

Cost (£)
A build-out is normally furnished with bollards and a dropped kerb/tactile paving facility and usually costs in the region of £5,000.  

Mini-Roundabouts
Mini-roundabouts can be used to improve traffic flow at a junction by giving traffic on the minor legs of the junction more opportunity to exit onto the main route. They should normally be used where there is a significant volume of minor road traffic.  Mini-roundabouts can also provide an effective speed reducing device for traffic using the major route and are therefore sometimes used as part of a package of speed reducing measures.

Mini-roundabouts would be less effective where there is little minor road traffic to cause the major route drivers to give way. However, they are generally more effective where refuges are incorporated into the layout to regulate driver approach speeds and behaviour.

Cost (£)
A mini-roundabout without refuges but including signing, carriageway resurfacing and road markings could cost around £10,000.  However, with refuges a mini-roundabout could easily cost £25,000 upwards.  Mini-roundabouts are usually more effective when introduced with other traffic calming measures.